The Active Directory & Developer

At the first what is the AD?
Active Directory (AD) is a directory service created by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems.
Active Directory provides a central location for network administration and security. Server computers that run Active Directory are called domain controllers. An AD domain controller authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a Windows domain type network—assigning and enforcing security policies for all computers and installing or updating software. For example, when a user logs into a computer that is part of a Windows domain, Active Directory checks the submitted password and determines whether the user is a system administrator or normal user.
Active Directory makes use of Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) versions 2 and 3, Kerberos and DNS.

Active Directory is a special-purpose database — it is not a registry replacement. The directory is designed to handle a large number of read and search operations and a significantly smaller number of changes and updates. Active Directory data is hierarchical, replicated, and extensible. Because it is replicated, you do not want to store dynamic data, such as corporate stock prices or CPU performance. If your data is machine-specific, store the data in the registry. Typical examples of data stored in the directory include printer queue data, user contact data, and network/computer configuration data. The Active Directory database consists of objects and attributes. Objects and attribute definitions are stored in the Active Directory schema.

 

You may be wondering what objects are currently stored in Active Directory. In Windows 2000, Active Directory has three partitions. These are also known as naming contexts: domain, schema, and configuration. The domain partition contains users, groups, contacts, computers, organizational units, and many other object types. Because Active Directory is extensible, you can also add your own classes and/or attributes. The schema partition contains classes and attribute definitions. The configuration partition includes configuration data for services, partitions, and sites.

Developer audience

Applications that access data in Active Directory Domain Services can be written using the Active Directory Service Interfaces API, Lightweight Directory Access Protocol API, or the System.DirectoryServices namespace.

EGYPT INTERNET USERS THE SECOND IN AFRICA

INTERNET USERS AND POPULATION STATISTICS FOR AFRICA

 

INTERNET USERS AND POPULATION STATISTICS FOR AFRICA
AFRICA REGION	Population (2012 Est.)	Pop. % of World	Internet Users, 30-June-12	Penetration (% Population)	Internet % Users	Facebook 30-Sept-12
Total for Africa	1,073,380,925	15.3 %	167,335,676	15.6 %	7.0 %	48,025,460
Rest of World	5,939,138,916	84.7 %	2,238,174,499	37.7 %	93.0 %	889,144,360
WORLD TOTAL	7,012,519,841	100.0 %	2,405,510,175	34.3 %	100.0 %	937,169,820

EGYPT INTERNET USERS THE SECOND IN AFRICA:-

INTERNET USERS, POPULATION AND FACEBOOK STATISTICS FOR AFRICA
AFRICA	Population (2012 Est.)	Internet Users Dec/2000	Internet Users 31-Dec-11	Penetration (% Population)	Users % Africa	Facebook 30-June-12
Algeria	37,367,226	50,000	4,700,000	13.4 %	3.4 %	3,566,140
Angola	20,139,765	30,000	744,195	5.6 %	0.5 %	432,520
Benin	9,598,787	15,000	744,195	3.0 %	0.2 %	142,600
Botswana	2,098,018	15,000	167,180	8.1 %	0.1 %	223,660
Burkina Faso	17,275,115	10,000	230,562	1.4 %	0.2 %	116,100
Burundi	10,557,259	3,000	176,040	1.7 %	0.1 %	34,180
Cameroon	20,129,878	20,000	783,956	4.0 %	0.6 %	493,680
Cape Verde	523,568	8,000	148,800	28.8 %	0.1 %	97,520
Central African Rep.	5,057,208	1,500	123,800	2.5 %	0.1 %	144,000
Chad	10,975,648	1,000	190,863	1.8 %	0.1 %	32,220
Comoros	737,284	1,500	37,472	4.7 %	0.0 %	14,800
Congo	4,366,266	500	295,132	7.0 %	0.2 %	88,700
Congo, Dem. Rep.	73,599,190	500	915,400	1.3 %	0.7 %	808,340
Cote d'Ivoire	21,952,093	40,000	968,000	4.5 %	0.7 %	n/a
Djibouti	774,389	1,400	61,320	8.1 %	0.0 %	42,820
Egypt	83,688,164	450,000	21,691,776	26.4 %	15.5 %	11,341,180
Equatorial Guinea	685,991	500	42,024	6.3 %	0.0 %	23,340
Eritrea	6,086,495	5,000	283,699	4.8 %	0.2 %	22,120
Ethiopia	87,302,819	10,000	622,122	0.7 %	0.4 %	598,500
Gabon	1,608,321	15,000	108,845	6.9 %	0.1 %	95,340
Gambia	1,840,454	4,000	159,012	8.8 %	0.1 %	86,180
Ghana	25,292,392	30,000	2,085,501	8.4 %	1.5 %	1,288,340
Guinea	10,884,958	8,000	95,823	0.9 %	0.1 %	44,720
Guinea-Bissau	1,628,603	1,500	37,123	2.3 %	0.0 %	n/a
Kenya	43,013,341	200,000	10,492,785	25.5 %	7.5 %	1,424,580
Lesotho	1,930,493	4,000	83,813	4.4 %	0.1 %	34,340
Liberia	3,887,886	500	20,000	0.5 %	0.0 %	n/a
Libya	5,613,380	10,000	391,880	5.9 %	0.3 %	560,080
Madagascar	22,005,222	30,000	352,135	1.6 %	0.3 %	232,960
Malawi	16,323,044	15,000	716,400	4.5 %	0.5 %	139,540
Mali	15,494,466	18,800	414,985	2.9 %	0.3 %	141,280
Mauritania	3,359,185	5,000	100,333	3.1 %	0.1 %	90,200
Mauritius	1,313,095	87,000	323,494	24.8 %	0.2 %	323,620
Mayotte (FR)	223,426	n/a	10,620	5.1 %	0.0 %	14,580
Morocco	32,309,239	100,000	15,656,192	49.0 %	11.2 %	4,576,280
Mozambique	23,515,934	30,000	975,395	4.3 %	0.7 %	247,720
Namibia	2,165,828	30,000	148,414	6.9 %	0.1 %	172,400
Niger	16,344,687	5,000	128,749	0.8 %	0.1 %	47,440
Nigeria	170,123,740	200,000	45,039,711	29.0 %	32.2 %	5,051,520
Reunion (FR)	843,459	130,000	300,000	36.0 %	0.2 %	228,620
Rwanda	11,689,696	5,000	818,048	7.2 %	0.6 %	144,120
Saint Helena (UK)	3,687	n/a	900	24.4 %	0.0 %	n/a
Sao Tome & Principe	183,176	6,500	31,012	17.3 %	0.0 %	5,400
Senegal	12,969,606	40,000	1,989,396	15.7 %	1.4 %	665,880
Seychelles	90,024	6,000	33,900	38.0 %	0.0 %	21,440
Sierra Leone	5,485,998	5,000	48,520	0.9 %	0.0 %	58,040
Somalia	10,085,638	200	106,000	1.1 %	0.1 %	95,400
South Africa	48,810,427	2,400,000	6,800,000	13.9 %	4.9 %	4,969,640
South Sudan	10,625,176	-	n/a	n/a	0.0 %	n/a
Sudan	34,206,710	30,000	4,200,000	9.3 %	3.0 %	n/a
Swaziland	1,386,914	10,000	95,122	6.9 %	0.1 %	60,300
Tanzania	46,912,768	115,000	4,932,535	11.5 %	3.5 %	518,460
Togo	6,961,049	100,000	356,300	5.3 %	0.3 %	88,860
Tunisia	10,732,900	100,000	3,856,984	36.3 %	2.8 %	3,103,500
Uganda	33,640,833	40,000	4,178,085	12.1 %	3.0 %	415,260
Western Sahara	522,928	n/a	n/a	n/a	0.0 %	n/a
Zambia	13,817,479	20,000	882,170	6.4 %	0.6 %	235,700
Zimbabwe	12,619,600	50,000	1,445,717	12.0 %	1.0 %	n/a
TOTAL AFRICA	1,073,380,925	4,514,400	139,875,242	13.5 %	100.0 %	43,404,160

The Internet's undersea world

The Internet's Undersea World (Guardian)

[Editor's note: Wireless is all the buzz but good old copper and fiber-optic cables link most of us together, as this graphic from last year's Guardian newspaper shows.]

Republished from the Guardian newspaper (UK).

The vast majority of the world’s communications are not carried by satellites but an altogether older technology: cables under the earth’s oceans. As a ship accidently wipes out Asia’s net access [in 2008-ed], this map showss how we rely on collections of wires of less than 10 cm diameter to link us all together.

Search in Lync by phone Extension

We get a lot of question a bout search by phone extension in Lync client.

The issue with searching for extension is related to the Lync server in “Enable User” and not with the Active Directory. In order to be able to search for extension you need to set up the extension in the Lync server when you enable users. Please follow the steps below alongside with the screenshots:

1-      Go to the Lync control panel and access “Voice Routing” < “Dial Plan”. Then you can create a new Normalization Rule or edit the current one. You can name it internal extensions. Add the values as it shows below:

2-      Secondly, you will need to access “Users” from Lync control panel and add the extension of the user following the format shown in the screenshot below:

3-      We have updated the extension this way, and here how it shows on the Lync client when I search for extension No. 3008 that was just updated for the user, Kerols Saniout:

     

With regards to searching for extensions, if the user does not show up for example after searching for “ Kerols extension ” then you will need to force Lync Address Book Synchronization:

http://eslamelmoawen.blogspot.com/2012/10/v-behaviorurldefaultvmlo.html

Further reading about Extensions in Lync from different resources on the web:

http://jasonmlee.com/archives/426

http://msmvps.com/blogs/andersonpatricio/archive/2012/04/03/how-to-use-extensions-for-incoming-calls-in-lync-server-2010.aspx

http://blogs.technet.com/b/nexthop/archive/2011/11/30/assigning-telephone-numbers-to-lync-enterprise-voice-users.aspx

I will be looking forward to your feedback about this workaround.
Should you have any other questions regarding the above, please contact me.

Thanks much!